Knowledge Resources

Using an Analysis, Simulation, and Modeling (AMS) framework researchers estimated the potential costs of implementing Integrated Corridor Management (ICM) strategies on the I-880 corridor located between Oakland and Fremont, California. The selected corridor covered a distance of approximately 34-miles (250 lane miles) and included an extensive network of alternate routes and transit options (bus and rail). The ICM strategies analyzed during the project included highway traveler information, transit traveler information, freeway ramp metering, high occupancy toll (HOT) lanes, arterial traffic signal coordination, and a combination of these strategies. The findings provided planning-level cost estimates for ITS infrastructure and services consistent with the ITS National Architecture. Infrastructure and incremental cost estimates were provided for the following:

• Capital Costs – Non-recurring (one-time) expenditure required to procure and install ITS equipment. These costs included the capital equipment costs as well as the soft costs required for design and installation.
• Operations and Maintenance (O&M) Costs – Recurring costs required to operate and maintain the deployed equipment, including labor costs. While these costs did contain provisions for upkeep and replacement of minor components of the system, they did not contain provisions for wholesale replacement of the equipment when it reached the end of its useful life. The O&M costs were presented as annual estimates.
• Annualized Costs – The capital and O&M costs of an ITS improvement amortized over its anticipated useful life time.

Infrastructure costs included the backbone and basic equipment required to support the ITS network. Incremental costs accounted for the addition of individual devices or functional systems to the network. For example, the incremental costs for an emergency vehicle signal priority system would include the incremental costs to add individual intersections to the system and the incremental costs to equip individual emergency vehicles.

The Test Corridor ICM cost estimates below were derived from Table 5.2 and Appendix-A of the source report. The author noted that each of the strategies listed would require a traffic management center (TMC) and a good traffic detection system with coverage every one-half mile. The average costs reported were expressed in terms of net present value (published 2008).

ICM Improvements	Average Annual Capital and O&M Costs ($ Millions)
Common Infrastructure	1.4
Arterial Traffic Signal Control	1.8
Local Adaptive Ramp Metering	1.5
Highway Traveler Information	1.0
Transit Traveler Information	0.7
HOT lanes	2.1
Combination of ICM Strategies	7.5

Equipment	Useful life (Years)	Capital Cost	Annual O&M Cost	Annualized Lifecycle Costs Infrastructure	Annualized Lifecycle Costs Incremental	Unit	Amount	Total Annual Cost
Common Infrastructure (Basic Needs): $1.4 Million
Basic TMC Facilities				$633,333				$633,333
Hardware/Software for Traffic Surveillance	20	$150,000	$7,500	$15,000				$15,000
Loop Detector System Integration				$25,000				$25,000
Loop Detector (double set)					$3,350	ea ½-mi	120	$402,000
DS3 Communication Line					$2,700	ea ½-mi	120	$324,000
Arterial Traffic Signal Control: $1.8 Million
Linked Signal System LAN	20	$55,000	$1,100	$3,850				$3,850
TMC Hardware for Signal Control	5	$22,500	$2,000	$6,500				$6,500
TMC Software/System Integration	5	$200,000		$40,000				$40,000
Labor for Arterial Mgmt*			$540,000	$540,000				$540,000
Signal Controller Upgrade	20	$6,250	$350		$663	per int	160	$106,000
DS1 Communication Line	20	$750	$6,600		$6,638	per int	160	$1,062,000
Ramp Metering (Fixed or Adaptive): $1.5 Million
Ramp Meter (Signal, Controller)	5	$40,000	$2,000		$10,000	per ramp	90	$900,000
Loop Detectors (2)	5	$11,000	$4,500		$6,700	per ramp	90	$603,000
Highway Traveler Information: $1.0 Million
TMC Hardware for Info Dissemination	5	$7,500	$375	$1,875				$1,875
TMC Software for Info Dissemination	5	$20,000	$1,000	$5,000				$5,000
TMC System Integration	20	$100,000	$5,000	$10,000				$10,000
DS3 Communication Line	20	$4,000	$48,000	$48,200				$48,200
Labor for Information Dissemination*				$100,000				$100,000
Information Service Center Hardware	20	$45,000	$900	$3,150				$3,150
Info Center System Integration	5	$100,000		$20,000				$20,000
Information Service Center Software				$34,375				$34,375
Map Database Software	2	$22,500		$11,250				$11,250
Information Service Center Labor*				$225,000				$225,000
DS0 Communication Line					$938	per CMS	32	$30,000
Changeable Message Sign					$9,025	per CMS	32	$288,800
Changeable Message Sign Tower					$6,525	per CMS	32	$208,800
Transit Traveler Information $0.7 Million
TMC Information Dissemination Hardware	5	$7,500	$375	$1,875				$1,875
TMC Information Dissemination Software	5	$20,000	$1,000	$5,000				$5,000
TMC System Integration	20	$100,000	$5,000	$10,000				$10,000
Labor for Traffic Info Dissemination*			$100,000	$100,000				$100,000
DS3 Communication Line	20	$4,000	$48,000	$48,200				$48,200
Transit Center Hardware	10	$22,500		$2,250				$2,250
Transit Center Software/Integration	20	$815,000	$9,000	$49,750				$49,750
Transit Center Labor*			$150,000	$150,000				$150,000
DS3 Communication Line	20	$4,000	$48,000	$48,200				$48,200
Information Service Center Hardware	20	$45,000	$900	$3,150				$3,150
Info Center System Integration	5	$100,000		$20,000				$20,000
Information Service Center Software	20	$412,000	$20,625	$41,225				$41,225
Map Database Software	2	$22,500		$11,250				$11,250
Information Service Center Labor*			$225,000	$225,000				$225,000
HOT Lanes: $2.1 Million
Electronic Toll Collection Software	10	$20,000		$2,000				$2,000
Electronic Toll Collection Structure	20	$30,000		$1,500				$1,500
Software for Dynamic Electronic Tolls				$9,120				$9,120
Integration for Dynamic Electronic Tolls				$14,650				$14,650
Labor for HOT Lanes Mgmt*			$540,000	$540,000				$540,000
Electronic Toll Reader	10	$10,000	$1,000		$2,000	ea ½-mi	120	$240,000
High-Speed Camera	10	$20,000	$2,000		$4,000	ea ½-mi	120	$480,000
DS1 Communication Line	20	$750	$6,600		$6,638	ea ½-mi	120	$796,500
Combination of ICM Strategies: $7.5 Million
Basic TMC Facilities				$633,333				$633,333
Hardware/Software for traffic Surveillance	20	$150,000	$7,500	$15,000				$15,000
Loop Detector System Integration				$25,000				$25,000
Loop Detector (double set)					$3,350	ea ½-mi	120	$402,000
DS3 Communication Line					$2,700	ea ½-mi	120	$324,000
Linked Signal System LAN	20	$55,000	$1,100	$3,850				$3,850
TMC Hardware for Signal Control	5	$22,500	$2,000	$6,500				$6,500
TMC Software/System Integration	5	$200,000		$40,000				$40,000
Labor for Arterial Mgmt*			$540,000	$540,000				$540,000
Signal Controller Upgrade	20	$6,250	$350		$663	per int	160	$106,000
DS1 Communication Line	20	$750	$6,000		$6,638	per int	160	$1,062,000
Ramp Meter (Signal, Controller)	5	$40,000	$2,000		$10,000	per ramp	90	$900,000
Loop Detectors (2)	5	$11,000	$4,500		$6,700	per ramp	90	$603,000
TMC Information Dissemination Hardware	5	$7,500	$375	$1,875				$1,875
TMC Information Dissemination Software	5	$20,000	$1,000	$5,000				$5,000
TMC System Integration	20	$100,000	$5,000	$10,000				$10,000
Labor for Traffic Info Dissemination*			$100,000	$100,000				$100,000
DS3 Communication Line	20	$4,000	$48,000	$48,200				$48,200
Transit Center Hardware	10	$22,500		$2,250				$2,250
Transit Center Software/Integration	20	$815,000	$9,000	$49,750				$49,750
Transit Center Labor*			$150,000	$150,000				$150,000
DS3 Communication Line	20	$4,000	$48,000	$48,200				$48,200
Information Service Center Hardware	20	$45,000	$900	$3,150				$3,150
Info Center System Integration	5	$100,000		$20,000				$20,000
Information Service Center Software	20	$412,000	$20,625	$41,225				$41,225
Map Database Software	2	$22,500		$11,250				$11,250
Information Service Center Labor*			$225,000	$225,000				$225,000
Electronic Toll Collection Software	10	$20,000		$2,000				$2,000
Electronic Toll Collection Structure	20	$30,000		$1,500				$1,500
Software for Dynamic Electronic Tolls	5	$55,000	$2,700					$13,700
Integration for Dynamic Electronic Tolls	20	$220,000	$11,000					$22,000
Labor for HOT Lanes Mgmt*			$540,000	$540,000				$540,000
Electronic Toll Reader	10	$10,000	$1,000		$2,000	ea ½-mi	120	$240,000
High-Speed Camera					$4,000	ea ½-mi	120	$480,000
DS1 Communication Line					$6,638	ea ½-mi	120	$796,500

* Labor cost assumptions: Operators (2 at 50 percent of the time, at $100,000); Maintenance Technicians (2 at $75,000); Transportation Engineer (1 at 50 percent of the time, at $100,000). Salary costs are at fully loaded prices including base salary, overtime, overhead, benefits, etc.

The author noted that significant cost savings may be realized through the sharing of equipment and integration of deployed components.

Notes:
Related Benefits Database summary: "Integrated Approach: Inside story on the ICM test corridor," Traffic Technology International 2009.