In the summer 2002 and 2003, the Michigan DOT rebuilt a 13.5-mile section of I-94 in the suburbs of Detroit. To help smooth traffic flow, the DOT deployed a dynamic lane merge (DLM) system. The system was designed to regulate merging movements in transition areas where lane configurations changed from three lanes to two lanes. A series of five DLM trailers equipped with microwave traffic sensors, wireless communications, and "Do Not Pass When Flashing" static signs with flashing beacons were installed upstream from the work zone at 1,500 foot increments. When traffic queues developed on the approach and traffic conditions degraded beyond pre-set threshold limits, the system automatically activated flashers on DLM signs to promote early merging. Once activated, the flashers continued operating for a minimum of five minutes. In addition, a state patrol officer was on site to promote compliance, several static signs showing the message "Do Not Pass" and "Form Two Lanes" were posted on the approach, and a portable dynamic message sign with a large arrow and a "Merge" message was strategically placed in the transition area.

The DLM system was most effective at peak hour traffic volumes of 3,000 to 3,500 vehicles per hour. The study found that if traffic volumes were consistently below or above these levels the system would have limited effectiveness. With low traffic volumes, merging control would most likely not be needed; and with higher traffic volumes, the resulting queues lengths would be so long that the flashers would operate continuously and the automated system would not be needed.

Probe vehicle runs and traffic data were collected by Michigan DOT and Wayne State University. The following impacts were highlighted.

• A cost-effectiveness analysis found the DLM system was cost effective given that a dollar value estimate of delayed motorist time exceeded $3.33 per hour. The analysis consisted of multiplying the value of motorist time by the travel time saved, adding the related fuel savings, and comparing this value to the actual cost of the system.